Another common American story that has persisted for decades is that Affirmative Action benefits unqualified Americans of color and penalizes more qualified white Americans. The tale goes that this is a fundamental violation of core American values, justice and merit, and that it must be undone under any and all circumstances. The June 29, 2023 Supreme Court 6-3 decision that affirmative action race-consciousness is illegitimate in admitting students to Harvard University and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill validates that story of grievance, and pundits expect that hundreds of colleges around the country will be scrambling to adjust their own affirmative race-conscious admissions policies.